Submarines (PL - Podvodnaya Lodka)
Soviet and Russian submarine development encompassing attack submarines (SSN/SSK), ballistic missile submarines (SSBN), and cruise missile submarines (SSGN).
Submarine Categories
Rocket Submarines (PL/RK) - Ballistic and cruise missile submarines for strategic deterrence
Attack Submarines (PL/A) - Nuclear and conventional hunter-killer submarines
Special Purpose Submarines - Research, rescue, and special operations platforms
Design Philosophy
Soviet submarine design emphasized:
Ruggedness: Simplified systems enabling operation with conscript crews
Armament: Heavy weapons loads with large torpedo and missile inventories
Speed/depth: Titanium hulls and powerful propulsion for tactical advantages
Specialization: Purpose-built designs optimized for specific missions
Notable Classes
Project 941 Akula (Typhoon) - World's largest submarines
Project 705 Lira (Alfa) - Titanium hull, liquid metal reactor, extreme performance
Project 971 Shchuka-B (Akula) - Modern SSN with reduced noise signature
Development Timeline
1950s-1960s: First generation nuclear submarines, diesel-electric boats
1970s-1980s: Second/third generation with improved quieting and capabilities
1990s-present: Fourth generation emphasizing stealth and multi-mission flexibility
Submarine directory maintained for comprehensive coverage of Soviet/Russian undersea warfare capabilities.